CLAIM-2026-09-26-13

Directive 2013/40/EU Article 2 defines "without right" as conduct not authorised by the owner or another right holder of the system, or not permitted under national law.

Why it matters

It fixes what a European team is actually exposed to when an agent it operates exceeds authorised access on someone else's system, and which instrument the exposure runs through.

Sources

• eurlex2013directive